Music of the Second Viennese School

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Traditionally, music has been embedded in tonality. All compositions were based on the arrangement of tonality wherein there was a harmonic or melodic reference to a central key. There was a great turnaround in the world of music in the 20th century when a group of composers abandoned tonality in their music or compositions. These composers, under the leadership of Arnold Schoenberg, formed the Second Viennese School of music. This School used the invention of Schoenberg of the twelve-tone music where every tone of the chromatic key is as important as the other eleven elements. The Second Viennese School produced the tone rows that gave music another image and sound. Schoenberg’s technique of chromatic expressionism, on the other hand, gave rise to the term “atonal” in the music world. Schoenberg’s twelve-tone music was also commonly called as “Dodecaphony.” Pianoforall

The Second Viennese School’ led by Arnold Schoenberg, was a school of composers in the 20th century. Anton Webern and Alban Berg, the two pupils of Schoenberg, became his partners in the Second Viennese School. Schoenberg, together with his pupils, composed works that were beyond the traditional tonality of music. Free tonality was practiced by the School. This resulted to dodecaphony or the twelve-tone system of the chromatic scale to make a basis for the principle on the use of free tonality. Schoenberg’s earliest compositions were heavily “chromatic works.” Some of his works are ‘Verklarte Nacht” (“Transfigured Night”) for string sextet, “Gurrelieder” for voices and orchestra, and “Pelleas und Melisande” which is an orchestral tone poem.

Schoenberg wrote highly chromatic compositions after the “Early Romantic” style of his era Eventually, he taught and begun to devise his famous atonal music. Schoenberg’s famous works include “Five Pieces for Orchestra” and “pierrot Lunaire”, poems for voice and chamber ensemble. “Sprechstimme” (German: “speech-voice”) is a famous technique Schoenberg gave to the music world from”Pierrot Lunaire”. “Sprechstimme” is a kind of vocalization that is a melodramatic cross between singing and speaking. This style later became problematic for some singers as this is a style not traditionally sung or heard by people even in the past years. learn absolute pitch

Schoenberg fled to France during World War II and then proceeded to America. During World War II, because of his Jewish roots, Schoenberg fled to France and moved to America. The world considered his works as a prime landmark at the turn of the century even if the Nazis see it as “degenerate art.” In America, he changed the spelling of his family name from Schonberg to the now Schoenberg. Schoenberg descended from a Jewish background and was born to a lower- middle class family in Vienna. learning perfect pitch

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